Modernity of Buddhism and Christianity

Modernity of Buddhism and Christianity Adib Rahim Draft: Tribal to Universal Religion Prompt: Historians argue that religious traditions emerge within and through traditions and beliefs that already exist. These new religions borrow from, adapt, and reject older traditions, and their ideas can often be traced back to multiple existing systems of belief. The documents collected in Tribal to Universal Religion help you trace part of that lineage. Relying on a full analysis of the form, style, and context of these documents, consider how new religions break out of their localized context: How do Buddhism and Christianity draw from older traditions while creating something new? Historians have argued that traditions from religions have emerged within traditions and beliefs that have already existed before. These religions often borrowed, adapted or rejected the older traditions to create what their religions are now today. These religions borrowed core values but went in different directions. For example we see this idea with Buddhism and Hinduism and Christianity and Judaism. We see an alteration of old ideas and new ideas to appeal to people at the time to end controversy over the main set of values believed at the time. Christianity carried over many of the values and ideas of Judaism but at the same time branches off from the religion going in a different direction. Christianity and Judaism are mostly similar as they believe in this one god who is this almighty power. Christianity and Judaism also tend to share values of the Hebrew bible (Old Testament) but Christianity involves the New Testament to. Paul became the most vigorous missionary of Jesus, traveling throughout the Mediterranean converting nonbelievers and corresponding with communities of fellow followers Paul spread his gospel to others who were neither Jewish nor had known Jesus In this quote we see that the Pauls intent was to spread the word of god. Like Judaism there seems to be this emphasis on this obligation to god. Jews were considered to be only put in this earth to be only obligated to god. This idea is represented with this idea of circumcision. Circumcision in the Old Testament was a symbolic act to show your loyalty/obligat ion to god to which a Jewish male was entered to a covenant with god. The one who is not circumcised physically and yet obeys the law will condemn you who even though you have the written code and circumcision, are a lawbreaker. Even if you are a Jewish male following Judaism laws but you are not physically circumsized you arent actually Jewish. But theres also this similar idea with Christianity that covenant with god is through the acceptance and belief of your god. Christians werent only bound to mark with this mark of circumcision. We see the same idea with Judaism. A man is not a Jew if he is only outwardly, nor is circumcision merely outward and physical. No a man is a Jew if he is one inwardly: and circumcision of the heart, by the spirit, not by the written code. We see this juxtaposing idea of circumcision throughout both religions. This value of being attached to only god is seen through both religions. Unlike Judaism, Christianity believed that Jesus as god. Immediately a fter the suffering of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of heaven will be shaken. Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And he will send out his angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. This quote from the Christian bible shows how Jesus is glorified as this almighty being like god describing with much power and authority. We see phrases like stars will fall from heaven and the powers of the heaven will be shaken . This connotative language incites fear within the reader which the intent of a god is supposed to be as youre only fear should be god. In Buddhism we see that there are values and beliefs that branch off of Hinduism but still go in different directions. Both religions believe in this idea of reincarnation and this idea that suffering is caused by attachment to things and people in this physical world. There are two types of Hindus which are the Vedas and Upinishads There are two types of Buddhism commonly known Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada Buddhism believes heavily on Buddha. Mahayana Buddhism believes in this belief that these godly beings exist in other realms but they cannot help people in our physical world. They both share the fundamentals of Buddhism but they still arise differently in some aspects. Unlike Hinduism anyone can enter this state of nirvana no matter your stance in society or this caste system. We are introduced to the youth of Buddha in Buddhism:Gotamas discovery we see his first encounter with this idea of Universal suffering. We see Buddha being taken to a park by his charioteer in his car riage. He encounters 4 different men changing his view on his lifestyle. First he sees a man who is suffering with old age. The second encounter he sees a man who is suffering with sickness. The third encounter he sees death. This encounter leaves Buddha very confused as he is questioning this idea of life, if life is only full of suffering of old age, sickness and death. He then encounters a man who is appeared to have a shaven head and a yellow robe that can be described as solitary. Buddha follows this man to disattach himself from universal suffering. Was Buddha actually a god or rather just a being filled with wisdom. Connecting this idea to Hinduism we see this idea of questioning the fundamentals about the nature of life, death and how to act in accordance to your religion in The Bhagavad Gita. We are introduced to reach this way of spirituality is to be truthful. We see this binary with the two religions with karma vs Dharma. Karma is the act of something towards dharma whic h is a sacred duty. Every action that we do has an equal reaction and over the course of their lifetime if one is accordance with this divine we can gradually work our karma. The person whose mind is always free from attachment, who has subdued the mind and senses, and who is free from desires, attains the supreme perfection of freedom from Karma through renunciation. Conclusively we see the alteration of old ideas that religions use to establish their core values. We see this juxtaposing idea with Christianity and Judaism and Buddhism and Hinduism.

Bhagavatism

Related to this name is an early religion, sometimes called Bhagavatism[1] that was largely formed by the 4th century BC where Vasudeva was worshiped as the supreme Deity in a strongly monotheistic format, where the Supreme Being was perfect, eternal and full of grace.[1] The name forms part of a famous mantra also known as a â€Å"twelve syllable mantra†, which believed to be the earliest mantra from pre-reformation times, pre-dating sectarian divisions in Vaishnavism- (IAST oá ¹  namo bhagavate vÄ sudevÄ ya), it is translated as â€Å"Om, reverence to the Lord Vasudeva†.[1] Vasudeva married Devaki, the sister of Kansa, and he was also the father of Krishnas sister Subhadra. He also took a second wife, Rohini, who bore his eldest son, Balarama. According to some accounts he also had several other children by other wives. Vasudeva and Devaki spent most of their early adult life behind bars in the deepest pits of darkness as ordered by Kamsa. Vasudeva was known for his consistent approach to life and his virtue of being a truthful person, never uttering a lie during his lifetime. After Kamsa was killed by Krishna, Vasudeva was installed as the Crown-Prince of Mathura under the reign of Devaki's uncle, King Ugrasena.

Poe s Impact On American Literature - 2134 Words

Poe’s Impact on American Literature One very in particular author and poet whose works we can find throughout our American Literature textbooks is Mr. Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe wasn’t your average author especially not during his time. Poe was famously known for his dark, mysterious, and macabre writings, poems, and short stories. Many people believe that his stories and their story lines came from tragic events that had happened in his life. There’s no doubt Edgar Allan Poe had a different style poetry and a mind of his own, but his work had a powerful impact on the nineteenth century and brought a new style to American Literature. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19th of 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts to his parents Eliza and David Poe Jr. Poe’s mother was actually an American actress and later died two years after Edgar was born on December 8th, 1811. After the death of his mother, Edgar’s father left the family high and dry, which to th en Poe and his siblings found themselves orphans and were split up between different foster families. Edgar was placed with the Allen family, to which the family decided to give him there last name also. Poe’s new foster father, John Allan, worked as an tobacco merchant so the family found themselves having to move to England for his work where they stayed for a few years and Edgar started school. After the crash of the tobacco market in England, the Allan family were forced to pack their bags and relocate to Virginia, forShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Edgar Allen Poe s Influence On American Literature878 Words   |  4 PagesWhen thinking of American literature, it’s difficult to pinpoint an author who absolutely hits the nail on the head about what exactly defines American literature and what it means. 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Financial Analysis of Primark - 2857 Words

Contents Background 3 Introduction 3 Financial result 4 Percentage changes and Index number 5 Industry sectors and competitors analysis 6 Financial strengths and weaknesses of Primark 8 Where Primark would be ranked financial within its sector on the LSE 9 Forecast Primark’s 2011 post tax profits 10 Techniques (ratio analysis) evaluation 12 Corporate governance recommendations 13 Conclusion 16 Appendix 17 References 31 Background At present, the Primark Ltd has 162 stores located in the UK, Spain and Ireland. They are subsidiary of Penney Brand Company which is based in England and recently announced it has hired its 25,000th person among its stores (Nagdeman, 2009). According to a recently research, the†¦show more content†¦| Market Cap. ( £m) | Turnover ( £m) | No. of employees | PER prospective | 2010 | 693.10 | 713.98 | 8,386 | 61.27 | 2011 | 721.34 | 799.18 | 9,698 | 683.82 | In this research study, Next and New Look Ltd were selected to analyse and compare with Primark. Next and New Look Ltd are both based on UK retail companies, Next Ltd is listing on the London Exchange Market. Financial ratios provide a quickly and relatively way of assessing financial situation of an organisation. Ratios could be very helpful when comparing the financial health of different business, and it describes the relationship between different items in financial statement (Elliott amp; Elliott, 2008). By calculating a relatively small number of ratios, it will build up a good picture of the position and the performance of an organisation. Ration analysis includes five main areas, which are including profitability, efficiency, liquidity, financial gearing and investment (Atrill amp; Mclaney, 2006). However, Primark is not issues it shares yet, and the whole data were not available, so the working capital cycle and investor ratios are missing in this research. The detail ratio analysis of Primark, Next and New Look are provided in the Appendix 3-13. 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Rogers Theory of Innovation 26